论文标题：Tourism, Economic Growth, and Tourism-Induced EKC Hypothesis: Evidence from the Mediterranean Region

　　发表时间：2019

　　论文所有作者：Jing Gao,Wen Xu and Lei Zhang

　　期刊名及所属分类：Empirical Economics(国际B)

　　英文摘要：This paper investigates the relationship among CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth and tourism development using data for a panel of 18 Mediterranean countries over the period 1995–2010. The findings from cointegrating polynomial regression indicate that the tourism-induced environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is confirmed for three out of nine countries for which cointegration tests suggest a long-run equilibrium relationship between the examined variables. A group of causalities have been found for the Mediterranean countries. In particular, our results demonstrate bidirectional causality between GDP and tourism development for the Northern Mediterranean countries, while for the southern and global panel we document one-way causality running from tourism development to economic growth. We also show unidirectional causality running from tourism to CO2 emissions across regions. The empirical results suggest that Mediterranean countries should place more emphasis on tourism development, sustainable tourism in particular, given the potential relationship among tourism development, GDP and CO2 emissions.

　　中文摘要：本文利用1995年至2010年期间18个地中海国家的数据，研究了二氧化碳排放、能源消费、经济增长和旅游发展之间的关系。协整多项式回归结果表明，在协整检验表明变量之间存在长期均衡关系的9个国家中，有3个国家证实了旅游诱发的环境库兹涅茨曲线假设。目前已发现地中海国家的一些人员伤亡。特别是，我们的研究结果证明了地中海北部国家的GDP和旅游业发展之间的双向因果关系，而对于南部和全球小组，我们证明了从旅游业发展到经济增长之间的单向因果关系。我们还展示了从旅游到各地区二氧化碳排放的单向因果关系。实证结果表明，考虑到旅游发展、GDP和CO2排放之间的潜在关系，地中海国家应更加重视旅游发展，特别是可持续旅游。